Section A: Stomach Tumors

1. Gualtieri M, Monzegio MG, Scanziani E: Gastric neoplasia, Vet Clin North Am 29:415, 1999. Medline abstracts
2. Moore AS, Ogilvie GK: Tumors of the alimentary tract. In Ogilvie GK, Moore AS (eds): Feline oncology: a comprehensive guide to compassionate care. Columbus, OH, 2001, Veterinary Learning Systems.
3. Swann HM, Holt DE: Canine gastric adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma: a retrospective study of 21 cases (1986-1999) and literature review, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:157, 2002. Medline abstracts
4. Turk MAM, Gallina AM, Russell TS: Nonhematopoietic gastrointestinal neoplasia in cats: a retrospective study of 44 cases, Vet Pathol 18:614, 1981. Medline abstracts
5. Cohen M, Post GS, Wright JC: Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma in 14 dogs, J Vet Intern Med 17:107, 2003. Medline abstracts
6. Birchard SJ, Couto CG, Johnson S: Nonlymphoid intestinal neoplasias in 32 dogs and 14 cats, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:533, 1986.
7. Brodey RS: Alimentary tract neoplasms in the cat: a clinicopathologic survey of 46 cases, Am J Vet Res 27:74, 1966. Medline abstracts
8. Brunnert SR, Dee LA, Herron AJ, et al: Gastric extramedullary plasmacytoma in a dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:1501, 1992. Medline abstracts
9. Carpenter JL, Andrews LK, Holzworth J: Tumors and tumor-like lesions. In Holzworth J (ed): Disease of the cat: medicine and surgery, Philadelphia, 1987, WB Saunders.
10. Cribb AE: Feline gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma: a review and retrospective study, Can Vet J 29:707, 1988. Medline abstracts
11. Zikes CD, Spielman B, Shapiro W, et al: Gastric extramedullary plasmacytoma in a cat, J Vet Intern Med 12:381, 1998. Medline abstracts
12. Grooters AM, Johnson SE: Canine gastric leiomyoma, Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 17:1485, 1995.
13. Albers TM, Alroy J, McDonnell JJ, et al: A poorly differentiated gastric carcinoid in a dog, J Vet Diagn Invest 10:116, 1998. Medline abstracts
14. Rossmeisl JH, Forrester SD, Robertson JL: Chronic vomiting associated with a gastric carcinoid in a cat, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 38:61, 2002. Medline abstracts
15. Kapatkin AS, Mullen HS, Matthiesen DT, et al: Leiomyosarcoma in dogs: 44 cases (1983-1988), J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1077, 1992. Medline abstracts
16. Dennis MM, Bennett N, Ehrhart EG: Gastric adenocarcinoma and chronic gastritis in two related Persian cats, Vet Pathol 43:358, 2006. Medline abstracts
17. Fonda D, Gualtieri M, Scanziani E: Gastric carcinoma in the dog: a clinicopathological study of 11 cases, J Small Anim Prac 30:353, 1989.
18. Kolbjørnsen O, Press CM, Landsverk T: Gastropathies in the Lundehund. I. Gastritis and gastric neoplasia associated with intestinal lymphangiectasia, APMIS 102:647, 1994. Medline abstracts
19. Pister PWT, Kelson DP, Tepper JE: Cancer of the stomach. In DaVita VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA (eds): Cancer: principles and practice of oncology, vol 2. Philadelphia, 2008, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
20. Sasajima K, Kawachi T, Sano T, et al: Esophageal and gastric cancers with metastasis induced in dogs by N-ethyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, J Natl Cancer Inst 58:1789, 1977. Medline abstracts
21. Bridgeford EC, Marini RP, Feng Y, et al: Gastric Helicobacter species as a cause of feline gastric lymphoma: a viable hypothesis, Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123:106, 2008. Medline abstracts
22. Harbour S, Sutton P: Immunogenicity and pathogenicity of Helicobacter infections of veterinary animals, Vet Immunol Immunopath 122:191, 2008. Medline abstracts
23. Pennick DG: Characterization of gastrointestinal tumors, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Prac 28:777, 1998. Medline abstracts
24. Bagley RS, Levy JK, Malarkey DE: Hypoglycemia associated with intra-abdominal leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma in 6 dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:69, 1996. Medline abstracts
25. Beaudry D, Knapp DW, Montgomery T, et al: Hypoglycemia in four dogs with smooth muscle tumors, J Vet Intern Med 9:415, 1995. Medline abstracts
26. Pennick DG, Moore AS, Gliatto J: Ultrasonography of canine gastric epithelial neoplasia, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 39:342, 1998. Medline abstracts
27. Rivers BJ, Walter PA, Johnston GR, et al: Canine gastric neoplasia: utility of ultrasound in diagnosis, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:144, 1997. Medline abstracts
28. Bonfanti U, Bertazzolo W, Bottero E, et al: Diagnostic value of cytologic examination of gastrointestinal tract tumors in dogs and cats: 83 cases (2001-2004), J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:1130, 2006. Medline abstracts
29. Crystal MA, Pennick DG, Matz ME, et al: Use of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and automated core biopsy for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases in small animals, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 34:438, 1993.
30. Sellon RK, Bissonnette K, Bunch SE: Long-term survival after total gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma in a dog, J Vet Intern Med 10:333, 1996. Medline abstracts
31. Douglas SW, Hall LW, Walker RG: The surgical relief of gastric lesions in the dog: report of seven cases, Vet Rec 86:743, 1970. Medline abstracts
32. McEntee MF, Cates JM, Neilsen N: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in spontaneous intestinal neoplasia of domestic dogs, Vet Pathol 39:428, 2002. Medline abstracts
33. Spugnini EP, Porrello A, Citro G, et al: COX-2 overexpression in canine tumors: potential therapeutic targets in oncology, Histol Histopathol 20:1309, 2005. Medline abstracts
34. Maas CPHJ, ter Haar G, van der Gaag I, Kirpensteijn J: Reclassification of small intestinal and cecal smooth muscle tumors in 72 dogs: clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation, Vet Surg 36:302, 2007. Medline abstracts
35. Russell KN, Mehler SJ, Skorupski KA, et al: Clinical and immunohistochemical differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from leiomyosarcomas in dogs: 42 cases (1990-2003), J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1329, 2007. Medline abstracts
36. London C: The role of small molecule inhibitors for veterinary patients, Vet Clin North Am 37:1121, 2007.

Section B: Intestinal Tumors

1. Cotchin E: Some tumors of dogs and cats of comparative veterinary and human interest, Vet Rec 71:1040, 1959.
2. Engle GC, Brodey RS: A retrospective study of 395 feline neoplasms, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 5:21, 1969.
3. Patnaik AK, Liu SK, Johnson GF: Feline intestinal adenocarcinoma. A clinicopathologic study of 22 cases, Vet Pathol 13:1, 1976. Medline abstracts
4. Bonfanti U, Bertazzolo W, Bottero E, et al: Diagnostic value of cytologic examination of gastrointestinal tract tumors in dogs and cats: 83 cases (2001-2004), J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:1130, 2006. Medline abstracts
5. Brodey RS: Alimentary tract neoplasms in the cat: a clinicopathologic survey of 46 cases, Zahnarztl Prax 17:74, 1966. Medline abstracts
6. Cotchin E: Neoplasia in the cat, Vet Rec 69:425, 1957.
7. Dorn CR, Taylor DO, Schneider R, et al: Survey of animal neoplasms in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. II. Cancer morbidity in dogs and cats from Alameda County, J Natl Cancer Inst 40:307, 1968. Medline abstracts
8. Gabor LJ, Malik R, Canfield PJ: Clinical and anatomical features of lymphosarcoma in 118 cats, Aust Vet J 76:725, 1998. Medline abstracts
9. Jackson ML, Wood SL, Misra V, et al: Immunohistochemical identification of B and T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded feline lymphosarcomas: relation to feline leukemia virus status, tumor site, and patient age, Can J Vet Res 60:199, 1996. Medline abstracts
10. Lingeman CH, Garner FM: Comparative study of intestinal adenocarcinomas of animals and man, J Natl Cancer Inst 48:325, 1972. Medline abstracts
11. Louwerens M, London CA, Pedersen NC, et al: Feline lymphoma in the post-feline leukemia virus era, J Vet Int Med 19:329, 2005. Medline abstracts
12. Slawienski MJ, Mauldin GE, Mauldin GN, et al: Malignant colonic neoplasia in cats: 46 cases (1990-1996), J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:878, 1997. Medline abstracts
13. Church EM, Mehlhaff CJ, Patnaik AK: Colorectal adenocarcinoma in dogs: 78 cases (1973-1984), J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:727, 1987. Medline abstracts
14. Kosovsky JE, Matthiesen DT, Patnaik AK: Small intestinal adenocarcinoma in cats: 32 cases (1978-1985), J Am Vet Med Assoc 192:233, 1988. Medline abstracts
15. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Johnson GF: Canine gastrointestinal neoplasms, Vet Pathol 14:547, 1977. Medline abstracts
16. Alroy J, Leav I, DeLellis RA, et al: Distinctive intestinal mast cell neoplasms of domestic cats, Lab Invest 33:159, 1975. Medline abstracts
17. Cohen M, Post GS, Wright JC: Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma in 14 dogs, J Vet Intern Med 17:107, 2003. Medline abstracts
18. Couto CG, Rutgers HC, Sherding RG, et al: Gastrointestinal lymphoma in 20 dogs. A retrospective study, J Vet Intern Med 3:73, 1989. Medline abstracts
19. Crawshaw J, Berg J, Sardinas JC, et al: Prognosis for dogs with nonlymphomatous, small intestinal tumors treated by surgical excision, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:451, 1998. Medline abstracts
20. Kapatkin AS, Mullen HS, Matthiesen DT, et al: Leiomyosarcoma in dogs: 44 cases (1983-1988), J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1077, 1992. Medline abstracts
21. Kariya K, Konno A, Ishida T: Perforin-like immunoreactivity in four cases of lymphoma of large granular lymphocytes in the cat, Vet Pathol 34:156, 1997. Medline abstracts
22. MacDonald JM, Mullen HS, Moroff SD: Adenomatous polyps of the duodenum in cats: 18 cases (1985-1990), J Am Vet Med Assoc 202:647, 1993. Medline abstracts
23. Mahony OM: Alimentary lymphoma in cats: 28 cases (1988-1993), J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:1593. 1995. Medline abstracts
24. Rassnick KM, Mauldin GN, Moroff SD, et al: Prognostic value of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining in feline intestinal lymphoma, J Vet Intern Med 13:187, 1999. Medline abstracts
25. Zwahlen CH, Lucroy MD, Kraegel SA, et al: Results of chemotherapy for cats with alimentary malignant lymphoma: 21 cases (1993-1997), J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:1144, 1998. Medline abstracts
26. Court EA, Watson AD, Peaston AE: Retrospective study of 60 cases of feline lymphosarcoma, Aust Vet J 75:424, 1997. Medline abstracts
27. Gabor LJ, Canfield PJ, Malik R: Immunophenotypic and histological characterisation of 109 cases of feline lymphosarcoma, Aust Vet J 77:436, 1999. Medline abstracts
28. Jeglum KA, Whereat A, Young K: Chemotherapy of lymphoma in 75 cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc 190:174, 1987. Medline abstracts
29. Mooney SC, Hayes AA, MacEwen EG, et al: Treatment and prognostic factors in lymphoma in cats: 103 cases (1977-1981), J Am Vet Med Assoc 194:696, 1989. Medline abstracts
30. Vail DM, Moore AS, Ogilvie GK, et al: Feline lymphoma (145 cases): proliferation indices, cluster of differentiation 3 immunoreactivity, and their association with prognosis in 90 cats, J Vet Intern Med 12:349, 1998. Medline abstracts
31. Valli VE, Jacobs RM, Norris A, et al: The histologic classification of 602 cases of feline lymphoproliferative disease using the National Cancer Institute working formulation, J Vet Diagn Invest 12:295, 2000. Medline abstracts
32. Birchard SJ, Couto CG, Johnson S: Nonlymphoid intestinal neoplasia in 32 dogs and 14 cats, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 22:533, 1986.
33. Carreras JK, Goldschmidt M, Lamb M, et al: Feline epitheliotropic intestinal malignant lymphoma: 10 cases (1997-2000), J Vet Intern Med 17:326, 2003. Medline abstracts
34. Cribb AE: Feline gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma: a review and retrospective study, Can Vet J 29:709, 1988. Medline abstracts
35. Fondacaro JV, Richter KP, Carpenter JL, et al: Feline gastrointestinal lymphoma: 67 cases (1988-1996), Eur J Comp Gastroenterol 4:5, 1999.
36. Frost D, Lasota J, Miettinen M: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyomas in the dog: a histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 50 cases, Vet Pathol 40:42, 2003. Medline abstracts
37. Miura T, Maruyama H, Sakai M, et al: Endoscopic findings on alimentary lymphoma in 7 dogs, J Vet Med Sci 66:577, 2004. Medline abstracts
38. Monteiro CB, O’Brien RT: A retrospective study on the sonographic findings of abdominal carcinomatosis in 14 cats, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:559, 2004. Medline abstracts
39. Myers NC, Penninck DG: Ultrasonographic diagnosis of gastrointestinal smooth muscle tumors in the dog, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 35:391, 1994.
40. Paoloni MC, Penninck DG, Moore AS: Ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings in 21 dogs with intestinal adenocarcinoma, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43:562, 2002. Medline abstracts
41. Valerius KD, Powers BE, McPherron MA, et al: Adenomatous polyps and carcinoma in situ of the canine colon and rectum: 34 cases (1982-1994), J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:156, 1997. Medline abstracts
42. Wolf JC, Ginn PE, Homer B, et al: Immunohistochemical detection of p53 tumor suppressor gene protein in canine epithelial colorectal tumors, Vet Pathol 34:394, 1997. Medline abstracts
43. Turk MA, Gallina AM, Russell TS: Nonhematopoietic gastrointestinal neoplasia in cats: a retrospective study of 44 cases, Vet Pathol 18:614, 1981. Medline abstracts
44. Andrews LK: Tumors and tumorlike lesions. In Holzworth J (ed): Diseases of the cat medicine and surgery. Philadelphia, 1987, WB Saunders, p 494.
45. Malone JB, Butterfield AB, Williams JC, et al: Strongyloides tumefaciens in cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc 171:278, 1977. Medline abstracts
46. Orr CM, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Kelly DF: Ileal polyps in Siamese cats, J Small Anim Pract 21:669, 1980. Medline abstracts
47. Price EW, Dikmans C: Adenomatous tumors in the large intestine of cats, caused by Strongyloides tumefaciens, Proc Helmintholog Soc, p. 41, 1941 (abstract).
48. van Niel MH, van der Gaag I, van den Ingh TS: Polyposis of the small intestine in a young cat: a comparison with polyposis in man and dogs, Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 36:161, 1989. Medline abstracts
49. Seiler RJ: Colorectal polyps of the dog: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases, J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:72, 1979. Medline abstracts
50. Schaffer E, Schiefer B: Incidence and types of canine rectal carcinomas, J Small Anim Pract 9:491, 1968.
51. Ozaki K, Yamagami T, Nomura K, et al: Mast cell tumors of the gastrointestinal tract in 39 dogs, Vet Pathol 39:557, 2002. Medline abstracts
52. Takahashi T, Kadosawa T, Nagase M, et al: Visceral mast cell tumors in dogs: 10 cases (1982-1997), J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:222, 2000. Medline abstracts
53. Head KW: Tumors of the alimentary tract. In Meuten DJ (ed): Tumors in domestic animals, ed 3. Berkeley, 2002, University of California Press, pp 461-477.
54. Evans SE, Bonczynski JJ, Broussard JD, et al: Comparison of endoscopic and full-thickness biopsy specimens for diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and alimentary tract lymphoma in cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:1447, 2006. Medline abstracts
55. Mukaratirwa S, de Witte E, van Ederen AM, et al: Tenascin expression in relation to stromal tumour cells in canine gastrointestinal epithelial tumours, J Comp Pathol 129:137, 2003. Medline abstracts
56. LaRock RG, Ginn PE: Immunohistochemical staining characteristics of canine gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Vet Pathol 34:303, 1997. Medline abstracts
57. Russell KN, Mehler SJ, Skorupski KA, et al: Clinical and immunohistochemical differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from leiomyosarcomas in dogs: 42 cases (1990-2003), J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1329, 2007. Medline abstracts
58. Maas CP, ter Haar G, van der Gaag I, et al: Reclassification of small intestinal and cecal smooth muscle tumors in 72 dogs: clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation, Vet Surg 36:302, 2007. Medline abstracts
59. McEntee MF, Horton S, Blue J, et al: Granulated round cell tumor of cats, Vet Pathol 30:195, 1993. Medline abstracts
60. Finn JP, Schwartz LW: A neoplasm of globule leucocytes in the intestine of a cat, J Comp Pathol 82:323, 1972. Medline abstracts
61. Honor DJ, De Nicola DB, Turek JJ, et al: A neoplasm of globule leukocytes in a cat, Vet Pathol 23:287, 1986. Medline abstracts
62. McPherron MA, Chavkin MJ, Powers BE, et al: Globule leukocyte tumor involving the small intestine in a cat, J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:241, 1994. Medline abstracts
63. Reimer ME, Leib MS, Reimer MS, et al: Rectal ganglioneuroma in a dog, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:107, 1999. Medline abstracts
64. Chang SC, Liao JW: Mesojejunoileac liposarcoma with intrahepatic metastasis in a dog, J Vet Med Sci 70:637, 2008. Medline abstracts
65. Spugnini EP, Dragonetti E, Murace R et al: Spontaneous intestinal melanoma in dogs, In Vivo 19:1051, 2005. Medline abstracts
66. Mukaratirwa S, Gruys E, Nederbragt H: Relationship between cell proliferation and tenascin-C expression in canine gastrointestinal tumours and normal mucosa, Res Vet Sci 76:133, 2004. Medline abstracts
67. Mukaratirwa S, van Ederen AM, Gruys E, et al: Versican and hyaluronan expression in canine colonic adenomas and carcinomas: relation to malignancy and depth of tumour invasion, J Comp Pathol 131:259, 2004. Medline abstracts
68. McEntee MF, Brenneman KA: Dysregulation of beta-catenin is common in canine sporadic colorectal tumors, Vet Pathol 36:228, 1999. Medline abstracts
69. Gamblin RM, Sagartz JE, Couto CG: Overexpression of p53 tumor suppressor protein in spontaneously arising neoplasms of dogs, Am J Vet Res 58:857, 1997. Medline abstracts
70. Beam SL, Rassnick KM, Moore AS, et al: An immunohistochemical study of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in various feline neoplasms, Vet Pathol 40:496, 2003. Medline abstracts
71. Knottenbelt C, Mellor D, Nixon C, et al: Cohort study of COX-1 and COX-2 expression in canine rectal and bladder tumours, J Small Anim Pract 47:196, 2006. Medline abstracts
72. McEntee MF, Cates JM, Neilsen N: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in spontaneous intestinal neoplasia of domestic dogs, Vet Pathol 39:428, 2002. Medline abstracts
73. Jackson ML, Haines DM, Meric SM, et al: Feline leukemia virus detection by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from cats with lymphosarcoma, Can J Vet Res 57:269, 1993. Medline abstracts
74. Fry DR, Slocombe RF, Beck C: Gastric lymphoma associated with the presence of Helicobacter in a cat, Aust Vet Pract 33:126, 2003.
75. Yamazaki Y, Aono I, Ohya T, et al: Gastroduodenal adenocarcinomas and rectal adenoma in a cougar (Felis concolor) infected with Helicobacter-like organisms and spirochetes, J Vet Med Sci 64:149, 2002. Medline abstracts
76. Fox JG, Shen Z, Xu S, et al: Helicobacter marmotae sp. nov. isolated from livers of woodchucks and intestines of cats, J Clin Microbiol 40:2513, 2002. Medline abstracts
77. Blackwood L, German AJ, Stell AJ, et al: Multicentric lymphoma in a dog after cyclosporine therapy, J Small Anim Pract 45:259, 2004. Medline abstracts
78. Dittrich RL, Rodaski S, Plugge NF, et al: [Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis associated with intestinal sarcoma in a dog], Arch Vet Sci 10:101. 2005.
79. Knottenbelt CM, Simpson JW, Chandler ML: Neutrophilic leucocytosis in a dog with a rectal tumour, J Small Anim Pract 41:457, 2000. Medline abstracts
80. Thompson JH: Serotonin and the alimentary tract, Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 2:687, 1971. Medline abstracts
81. Bagley RS, Levy JK, Malarkey DE: Hypoglycemia associated with intra-abdominal leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma in six dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:69, 1996.
82. Barrs VR, Beatty JA, McCandlish IA, et al: Hypereosinophilic paraneoplastic syndrome in a cat with intestinal T cell lymphosarcoma, J Small Anim Pract 43:401, 2002. Medline abstracts
83. Marchetti V, Benetti C, Citi S, et al: Paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia in a dog with intestinal T-cell lymphoma, Vet Clin Pathol 34:259, 2005. Medline abstracts
84. Ozaki K, Yamagami T, Nomura K, et al: T-cell lymphoma with eosinophilic infiltration involving the intestinal tract in 11 dogs, Vet Pathol 43:339, 2006. Medline abstracts
85. Jackson MW, Helfand SC, Smedes SL, et al: Primary IgG secreting plasma cell tumor in the gastrointestinal tract of a dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 204:404, 1994. Medline abstracts
86. Cohen M, Post GS: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a dog with intestinal leiomyosarcoma, J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:1818, 1999. Medline abstracts
87. Sato K, Hikasa Y, Morita T, et al: Secondary erythrocytosis associated with high plasma erythropoietin concentrations in a dog with cecal leiomyosarcoma, J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:486, 2002. Medline abstracts
88. Tappin S, Brown P, Ferasin L: An intestinal neuroendocrine tumour associated with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia and melaena in a 10-year-old boxer, J Small Anim Pract 49:33, 2008. Medline abstracts
89. Prater MR, Flatland B, Newman SJ, et al: Diffuse annular fusiform adenocarcinoma in a dog, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:169, 2000. Medline abstracts
90. Esplin DG, Wilson SR: Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas metastatic to the testes and associated structures in three dogs, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:287, 1998. Medline abstracts
91. Juopperi TA, Cesta M, Tomlinson L, et al: Extensive cutaneous metastases in a dog with duodenal adenocarcinoma, Vet Clin Pathol 32:88, 2003. Medline abstracts
92. Liu CH, Chen YT, Wang PJ, et al: Intestinal adenocarcinoma with pancreas and lymph node metastases in a captive cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), J Vet Med Sci 66:1279, 2004. Medline abstracts
93. Rivers BJ, Walter PA, Feeney DA, et al: Ultrasonographic features of intestinal adenocarcinoma in five cats, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 38:300, 1997. Medline abstracts
94. Penninck D, Smyers B, Webster CR, et al: Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in differentiating enteritis from intestinal neoplasia in dogs, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:570, 2003. Medline abstracts
95. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Johnson GF: Canine intestinal adenocarcinoma and carcinoid, Vet Pathol 17:149, 1980. Medline abstracts
96. Willard MD, Jergens AE, Duncan RB, et al: Interobserver variation among histopathologic evaluations of intestinal tissues from dogs and cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc 220:1177, 2002. Medline abstracts
97. Kleinschmidt S, Meneses F, Nolte I, et al: Retrospective study on the diagnostic value of full-thickness biopsies from the stomach and intestines of dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease symptoms, Vet Pathol 43:1000, 2006. Medline abstracts
98. Höinghaus R, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Wasielewsky RV, et al: Immunocytological characterization of gastrointestinal tumours and their metastases in the dog, Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere 34:29, 2006.
99. Moore PF, Woo JC, Vernau W, et al: Characterization of feline T cell receptor gamma (TCRG) variable region genes for the molecular diagnosis of feline intestinal T cell lymphoma, Vet Immunol Immunopathol 106:167, 2005. Medline abstracts
100. Waly NE, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Stokes CR, et al: Immunohistochemical diagnosis of alimentary lymphomas and severe intestinal inflammation in cats, J Comp Pathol 133:253, 2005. Medline abstracts
101. Coolman BR, Ehrhart N, Pijanowski G, et al: Comparison of skin staples with sutures for anastomosis of the small intestine in dogs, Vet Surg 29:293, 2000. Medline abstracts
102. White RN: Modified functional end-to-end stapled intestinal anastomosis: technique and clinical results in 15 dogs, J Small Anim Pract 49:274, 2008. Medline abstracts
103. Hernández C, Restrepo R: Adenocarcinoma in the jejunum of a dog: a case report, Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 18:75, 2005.
104. Morello E, Martano M, Squassino C, et al: Transanal pull-through rectal amputation for treatment of colorectal carcinoma in 11 dogs, Vet Surg 37:420, 2008.
105. Danova NA, Robles-Emanuelli JC, Bjorling DE: Surgical excision of primary canine rectal tumors by an anal approach in twenty-three dogs, Vet Surg 35:337, 2006. Medline abstracts
106. Yoon HY, Mann FA: Bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy for surgical management of caudal colonic and rectal masses in six dogs and a cat, J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:1016, 2008. Medline abstracts
107. Borenstein N, Deneuche A, Monnet E, et al: [Caecal surgery in dogs and cats], Point Vétérinaire Italie 23:41, 2006.
108. Hardie EM, Gilson SD: Use of colostomy to manage rectal disease in dogs, Vet Surg 26:270, 1997. Medline abstracts
109. Holt PE: Evaluation of transanal endoscopic treatment of benign canine rectal neoplasia, J Small Anim Pract 48:17, 2007. Medline abstracts
110. Hume DZ, Solomon JA, Weisse C: Palliative use of a stent for colonic obstruction caused by adenocarcinoma in two cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:392, 2006. Medline abstracts
111. Frank JD, Reimer SB, Kass PH, et al: Clinical outcomes of 30 cases (1997-2004) of canine gastrointestinal lymphoma, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:313, 2007. Medline abstracts
112. Krick EL, Little L, Patel R, et al: Description of clinical and pathological findings, treatment and outcome of feline large granular lymphocyte lymphoma (1996-2004), Vet Compar Oncol 6:102, 2008.
113. Charney SC, Bergman PJ, McKnight JA, et al: Evaluation of intracavitary mitoxantrone and carboplatin for treatment of carcinomatosis, sarcomatosis and mesothelioma, with or without malignant effusions: a retrospective analysis of 12 cases (1997–2002), Vet Compar Oncol 3:171, 2005.
114. Moore AS, Kirk C, Cardona A: Intracavitary cisplatin chemotherapy experience with six dogs, J Vet Intern Med 5:227, 1991. Medline abstracts
115. Arthur JJ, Kleiter MM, Thrall DE, et al: Characterization of normal tissue complications in 51 dogs undergoing definitive pelvic region irradiation, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 49:85, 2008. Medline abstracts
116. Malik R, Gabor LJ, Foster SF, et al: Therapy for Australian cats with lymphosarcoma, Aust Vet J 79:808, 2001. Medline abstracts
117. Snead EC: Large granular intestinal lymphosarcoma and leukemia in a dog, Can Vet J 48:848, 2007. Medline abstracts
118. Jackson ML, Haines DM, Taylor SM, et al: Feline leukemia virus detection by ELISA and PCR in peripheral blood from 68 cats with high, moderate, or low suspicion of having FeLV-related disease, J Vet Diagn Invest 8:25, 1996. Medline abstracts
119. Wellman ML, Hammer AS, DiBartola SP, et al: Lymphoma involving large granular lymphocytes in cats: 11 cases (1982-1991), J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1265, 1992. Medline abstracts
120. Feeney DA, Klausner JS, Johnston GR: Chronic bowel obstruction caused by primary intestinal neoplasia: a report of five cases, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:67, 1982.
121. Palumbo NE, Perri SF: Adenocarcinoma of the ileum in a cat, J Am Vet Med Assoc 164:607, 1974. Medline abstracts
122. Patnaik AK, Johnson GF, Greene RW, et al: Surgical resection of intestinal adenocarcinoma in a cat, with survival of 28 months, J Am Vet Med Assoc 178:479, 1981. Medline abstracts
123. Stowater JL: Intestinal adenocarcinoma in a cat, Vet Med Small Anim Clin 73:475, 1978. Medline abstracts
124. Haney S, Clifford C, Krick E, et al: Feline intestinal mast cell tumors: biological behavior and response to treatment in 18 cats, Vet Comp Oncol vol 4, 2006.
125. Howl JH, Petersen MG: Intestinal mast cell tumor in a cat: presentation as eosinophilic enteritis, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31:457, 1995. Medline abstracts
126. Peaston AE, Griffey SM: Visceral mast cell tumour with eosinophilia and eosinophilic peritoneal and pleural effusions in a cat, Aust Vet J 71:215, 1994. Medline abstracts
127. Sako T, Uchida E, Okamoto M, et al: Immunohistochemical evaluation of a malignant intestinal carcinoid in a dog, Vet Pathol 40:212, 2003. Medline abstracts
128. Kupanoff PA, Popovitch CA, Goldschmidt MH: Colorectal plasmacytomas: a retrospective study of nine dogs, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:37, 2006. Medline abstracts
129. Heldmann E, Anderson MA, Wagner-Mann C: Feline osteosarcoma: 145 cases (1990-1995), J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:518, 2000. Medline abstracts
130. Stimson EL, Cook WT, Smith MM, et al: Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the duodenum of a cat, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 36:332, 2000. Medline abstracts
131. Scavelli TD, Patnaik AK, Mehlhaff CJ, et al: Hemangiosarcoma in the cat: retrospective evaluation of 31 surgical cases, J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:817, 1985. Medline abstracts
132. Sharpe A, Cannon MJ, Lucke VM, et al: Intestinal haemangiosarcoma in the cat: clinical and pathological features of four cases, J Small Anim Pract 41:411, 2000. Medline abstracts

Section C: Liver, Gall Bladder, and Nonendocrine Pancreatic Tumors

1. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Lieberman PH: Canine hepatic neoplasms: a clinicopathologic study, Vet Pathol 17:553, 1980. Medline abstracts
2. Dorn CR, Taylor DON, Frye FL, et al: Survey of animal neoplasms in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, California. I. Methodology and description of cases, J Natl Cancer Inst 40:295, 1968. Medline abstracts
3. Strombeck DR: Clinicopathologic features of primary and metastatic neoplastic disease of the liver in dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc 173:267, 1978. Medline abstracts
4. Engle GC, Brodey RS: A retrospective study of 395 feline neoplasms, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 5:21, 1969.
5. Schmidt RE, Langham RF: A survey of feline neoplasms, J Am Vet Med Assoc 151:1325, 1967.
6. Patnaik AK, Liu SK, Hurvitz AI, et al: Nonhematopoietic neoplasms in cats, J Natl Cancer Inst 54:855, 1975. Medline abstracts
7. Bartlett DL, Carr BI, Wallis Marsh J: Cancer of the liver. In DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds): Cancer: principles and practice of oncology, ed 7. Philadelphia, 2005, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
8. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Lieberman PH, et al: Canine hepatocellular carcinoma, Vet Pathol 18:427, 1981. Medline abstracts
9. Hayes HM, Morin MM, Rubenstein DA: Canine biliary carcinoma: epidemiological comparisons with man, J Comp Pathol 93:99, 1983. Medline abstracts
10. Post G, Patnaik AK: Nonhematopoietic hepatic neoplasms in cats: 21 cases (1983-1988), J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1080, 1992. Medline abstracts
11. Lawrence HJ, Erb HN, Harvey HJ: Nonlymphomatous hepatobiliary masses in cats: 41 cases (1972-1991), Vet Surg 23:365, 1994. Medline abstracts
12. Cullen JM, Popp JA: Tumors of the liver and gall bladder. In Meuten DJ (ed): Tumors in domestic animals, ed 4. Ames, IA, 2002, Iowa State Press.
13. Kosovsky JE, Manfra-Marretta S, Matthiesen DT, et al: Results of partial hepatectomy in 18 dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:203, 1989.
14. Liptak JM, Dernell WS, Monnet E, et al: Massive hepatocellular carcinoma in dogs: 48 cases (1992-2002), J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1225, 2004. Medline abstracts
15. Bartlett DL, Ramanathan RK, Deutsch M: Cancer of the biliary tree. In DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds): Cancer: principles and practice of oncology, ed 7. Philadelphia, 2005, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
16. Patnaik AK, Hurvitz AI, Lieberman PH, et al: Canine bile duct carcinoma, Vet Pathol 18:439, 1981. Medline abstracts
17. Patnaik AK, Lieberman PH, Hurvitz AI, et al: Canine hepatic carcinoids, Vet Pathol 18:445, 1981. Medline abstracts
18. Churcher RK: Hepatic carcinoid, hypercortisolism and hypokalaemia in a dog, Aust Vet J 77:641, 1999. Medline abstracts
19. Morrell CN, Volk MV, Mankowski JL: A carcinoid tumor in the gallbladder of a dog, Vet Pathol 39:756, 2002. Medline abstracts
20. Hammer AS, Sikkema DA: Hepatic neoplasia in the dog and cat, Vet Clin North Am 25:419, 1995.
21. Chikata S, Nakamura S, Katayama R, et al: Primary chondrosarcoma in the liver of a dog, Vet Pathol 43:1033, 2006. Medline abstracts
22. Brown NO, Patnaik AK, MacEwen EG: Canine hemangiosarcoma: retrospective analysis of 104 cases, J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:56, 1985. Medline abstracts
23. Srebernik N, Appleby EC: Breed prevalence and sites of hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma in dogs, Vet Rec 129:408, 1991. Medline abstracts
24. Kapatkin AS, Mullen HS, Matthiesen DT, et al: Leiomyosarcoma in dogs: 44 cases (1983-1988), J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1077, 1992. Medline abstracts
25. Patnaik AK: A morphologic and immunocytochemical study of hepatic neoplasms in cats, Vet Pathol 29:405, 1992. Medline abstracts
26. Liptak JM: Hepatobiliary tumors. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM (eds): Withrow & MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology. Philadelphia, 2007, Saunders/Elsevier.
27. Badylak SF, Dodds WJ, van Vleet JF: Plasma coagulation factor abnormalities in dogs with naturally occurring hepatic disease, Am J Vet Res 44:2336, 1983. Medline abstracts
28. Newell SM, Selcer BA, Girard E, et al: Correlations between ultrasonographic findings and specific hepatic diseases in cats: 72 cases (1985-1997), J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:94, 1998. Medline abstracts
29. Vörös K, Vrabély T, Papp L, et al: Correlation of ultrasonographic and pathomorphological findings in canine hepatic diseases, J Small Anim Pract 32:627, 1991.
30. Clifford CA, Pretorius ES, Weiss C, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of focal splenic and hepatic lesions in the dog, J Vet Intern Med 18:330, 2004. Medline abstracts
31. Trout NJ, Berg RJ, McMillan MC, et al: Surgical treatment of hepatobiliary cystadenomas in cats: five cases (1988-1993), J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:505, 1995. Medline abstracts
32. Priester WA: Data from eleven United States and Canadian Colleges of Veterinary Medicine on pancreatic carcinoma in domestic animals, Cancer Res 34:1372, 1974. Medline abstracts
33. Head KW, Else RW, Dubielzig RR: Tumors of the exocrine pancreas. In Meuten DJ (ed): Tumors in domestic animals, ed 4. Ames, IA, 2002, Iowa State Press.
34. Hines BL, Salisbury SK, Jakovljevic S, et al: Pancreatic pseudocyst associated with chronic-active necrotizing pancreatitis in a cat, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32:147, 1996. Medline abstracts
35. Edwards DF, Bauer MS, Walker MA, et al: Pancreatic masses in seven dogs following acute pancreatitis, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 26:189, 1990.
36. Kamano T, Azuma N, Katami A, et al: Preliminary observation on pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma induced by intraductal administration of N-ethyl-N΄-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in dogs, Jpn J Cancer Res 79:1, 1988. Medline abstracts
37. Goossens MM, Nelson RW, Feldman EC, et al: Response to insulin treatment and survival in 104 cats with diabetes mellitus (1985-1995), J Vet Intern Med 12:1, 1998. Medline abstracts
38. Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P: Epidemiologic and etiologic factors of pancreatic cancer, Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 16:1, 2002. Medline abstracts
39. Brooks DG, Campbell KL, Dennis JS, et al: Pancreatic paraneoplastic alopecia in three cats, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:557, 1994.
40. Pascal-Tenorio A, Olivry T, Gross TL, et al: Paraneoplastic alopecia associated with internal malignancies in the cat, Vet Derm 8:47, 1997.
41. Godfrey DR: A case of feline paraneoplastic alopecia with secondary Malassezia-associated dermatitis, J Small Anim Pract 39:394, 1998. Medline abstracts
42. Tasker S, Griffon DJ, Nuttall TJ, et al: Resolution of paraneoplastic alopecia following surgical removal of a pancreatic carcinoma in a cat, J Small Anim Pract 40:16, 1999. Medline abstracts
43. Moreau PM, Fiske A, Lees GE, et al: Disseminated necrotizing panniculitis and pancreatic nodular hyperplasia in a dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 180:422, 1982. Medline abstracts
44. Brown PJ, Mason KV, Merrett DJ, et al: Multifocal necrotizing steatitis associated with pancreatic carcinoma in 3 dogs, J Small Anim Pract 35:129, 1994.
45. Fabbrini F, Anfray P, Viacava P, et al: Feline cutaneous and visceral necrotizing panniculitis and steatitis associated with a pancreatic tumour, Vet Dermatol 16:413, 2005. Medline abstracts
46. Gear RNA, Bacon NJ, Langley-Hobbs S, et al: Panniculitis, polyarthritis and osteomyelitis associated with pancreatic neoplasia in two dogs, J Small Anim Pract 47:400, 2006. Medline abstracts
47. Quigley KA, Jackson ML, Haines DM: Hyperlipasemia in 6 dogs with pancreatic or hepatic neoplasia: evidence for tumor lipase production, Vet Clin Pathol 30:114, 2001. Medline abstracts
48. Lamb CR, Simpson KW, Boswood A, et al: Ultrasonography of pancreatic neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective review of 16 cases, Vet Rec 137:65, 1995. Medline abstracts
49. Bennett PF, Hahn KA, Toal RL, et al: Ultrasonographic and cytopathological diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in the dog and cat, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:466, 2001. Medline abstracts
50. Seaman RL: Exocrine pancreatic neoplasia in the cat: a case series, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:238, 2004. Medline abstracts
51. Chang SC, Liao JW, Lin YC, et al: Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma with intracranial metastasis in a dog, J Vet Med Sci 69:91, 2007. Medline abstracts
52. Yeo CJ, Yeo TP, Hruban RH, et al: Cancer of the pancreas. In DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds): Cancer: principles and practice of oncology, ed 7. Philadelphia, 2005, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Section D: Splenic Tumors

1. Thamm DH: Miscellaneous tumors. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM (eds): Withrow & MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology. St Louis, 2007, Saunders/Elsevier.
2. Carpenter JL, Andrews LK, Holzworth J: Tumors and tumor-like lesions. In Holzworth J (ed): Diseases of the cat: medicine and surgery. Philadelphia, 1987, WB Saunders.
3. Moore AS, Ogilvie GK: Tumors affecting the liver, pancreas and spleen. In Ogilvie GK, Moore AS (eds): Managing the canine cancer patient. Yardley, 2006, Veterinary Learning Systems.
4. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR: Prevalence, type, and importance of splenic diseases in dogs: 1,480 cases (1985-1989), J Am Vet Med Assoc 200:829, 1992. Medline abstracts
5. Johnson KA, Powers BE, Withrow SJ, et al: Splenomegaly in dogs. Predictors of neoplasia and survival after splenectomy, J Vet Intern Med 3:160, 1989. Medline abstracts
6. Clifford CA, Mackin AJ, Henry CJ: Treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma: 2000 and beyond, J Vet Intern Med 14:479, 2000. Medline abstracts
7. Pintar J, Breitschwerdt EB, Hardie EM, et al: Acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 39 cases (1987-2001), J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39:518, 2003. Medline abstracts
8. Lamerato-Kozicki AR, Helm KM, Jubala CM, et al: Canine hemangiosarcoma originates from hematopoietic precursors with potential for endothelial differentiation, Exp Hematol 34:870, 2006. Medline abstracts
9. Brown NO, Patnaik AK, MacEwen EG: Canine hemangiosarcoma: retrospective analysis of 104 cases, J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:56, 1985. Medline abstracts
10. Waters DJ, Caywood DD, Hayden DW, et al: Metastatic pattern in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma: clinical implications, J Small Anim Pract 29:805, 1988.
11. Wood CA, Moore AS, Gliatto JM, et al: Prognosis for dogs with stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy alone: 32 cases (1991-1993), J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:417, 1998. Medline abstracts
12. Craig LE: Cause of death in dogs according to breed: a necropsy survey of five breeds, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 3:438, 2001.
13. Prymak C, McKee LJ, Goldschmidt MH, et al: Epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and prognostic characteristics of splenic hemangiosarcoma and splenic hematoma in dogs: 217 cases (1985), J Am Vet Med Assoc 193:706, 1988. Medline abstracts
14. Spangler WL, Kass PH: Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs, J Vet Intern Med 11:166, 1997. Medline abstracts
15. Hammer AS, Couto CG, Filppi J, et al: Efficacy and toxicity of VAC chemotherapy (vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide) in dogs with hemangiosarcoma, J Vet Intern Med 5:160, 1991. Medline abstracts
16. Sorenmo KU, Jeglum KA, Helfand SC: Chemotherapy of canine hemangiosarcoma with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, J Vet Intern Med 7:370, 1993. Medline abstracts
17. Vail DM, MacEwen EG, Kurzman ID, et al: Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine adjuvant immunotherapy for splenic hemangiosarcoma in the dog: a randomized multi-institutional clinical trial, Clin Cancer Res 1:1165, 1995. Medline abstracts
18. Lana S, U’ren L, Plaza S, et al: Continuous low-dose oral chemotherapy for adjuvant therapy of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs, J Vet Intern Med 21:764, 2007. Medline abstracts
19. Ogilvie GK, Powers BE, Mallinckrodt CH, et al: Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma, J Vet Intern Med 10:379, 1996. Medline abstracts
20. Sorenmo KU, Baez JL, Clifford CA, et al: Efficacy and toxicity of a dose-intensified doxorubicin protocol in canine hemangiosarcoma, J Vet Intern Med 18:209, 2004. Medline abstracts
21. Valli VE, Vernau W, de Lorimmier LP, et al: Canine indolent nodular lymphoma, Vet Pathol 43:241, 2006. Medline abstracts
22. Kerlin RL, Hendrick MJ: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma and malignant histiocytosis in the dog—convergent or divergent phenotypic differentiation? Vet Pathol 33:713, 1996.
23. Padgett GA, Madewell BR, Keller ET, et al: Inheritance of histiocytosis in Bernese mountain dogs, J Small Anim Pract 36:93, 1995. Medline abstracts
24. Takahashi T, Kadosawa T, Nagase M, et al: Visceral mast cell tumors in dogs: 10 cases (1982-1997), J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:222, 2000. Medline abstracts
25. Spangler WL, Kass PH: Pathologic and prognostic characteristics of splenomegaly in dogs due to fibrohistiocytic nodules: 98 cases, Vet Pathol 35:488, 1998. Medline abstracts
26. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR, Kass PH: Primary mesenchymal (nonangiomatous/nonlymphomatous) neoplasms occurring in the canine spleen: anatomic classification, immunohistochemistry, and mitotic activity correlated with patient survival, Vet Pathol 31:37, 1994. Medline abstracts
27. Kapatkin AS, Mullen HS, Matthiesen DT, et al: Leiomyosarcoma in dogs: 44 cases (1983-1988), J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:1077, 1992. Medline abstracts
28. Hanson JA, Papageorges M, Girard E, et al: Ultrasonographic appearance of splenic disease in 101 cats, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 42:441, 2001. Medline abstracts
29. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR: Prevalence and type of splenic diseases in cats: 455 cases (1985-1991), J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:773, 1992. Medline abstracts
30. Litster A, Sorenmo KU: Characterization of the signalment, clinical and survival characteristics of 41 cats with mast cell neoplasia, J Feline Med Surg 8:177, 2006. Medline abstracts
31. Thamm DH, Vail DM: Mast cell tumors. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM (eds): Withrow & MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology. St Louis, 2007, Saunders/Elsevier.
32. Johannes CM, Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, et al: Feline hemangiosarcoma: a retrospective study of 53 cases, J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1851, 2007. Medline abstracts
33. Kraje AC, Mears EA, Hahn KA, et al: Unusual metastatic behavior and clinicopathologic findings in eight cats with cutaneous or visceral hemangiosarcoma, J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:670, 1999. Medline abstracts
34. Clifford CA, Pretorius ES, Weisse C, et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of focal splenic and hepatic lesions in the dog, J Vet Intern Med 18:330, 2004. Medline abstracts
35. Ballegeer EA, Forrest LJ, Dickinson RM, et al: Correlation of ultrasonographic appearance of lesions and cytologic and histologic diagnoses in splenic aspirates from dogs and cats: 32 cases (2002-2005), J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:690, 2007. Medline abstracts
36. Knapp DW, Aronsohn MG, Harpster NK: Cardiac arrhythmias associated with mass lesions of the canine spleen, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 29:122, 1993.

Section E: Female Reproductive Tumors

1. Dow C: Ovarian abnormalities in the bitch, J Comp Pathol 70:59, 1960. Medline abstracts
2. Hayes A, Harvey HJ: Treatment of metastatic granulosa cell tumor in a dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 174:1304, 1979.
3. Cotchin E: Some tumours of dogs and cats of comparative veterinary and human interest, Vet Rec 71:1040, 1959.
4. Brodey RS: Canine and feline neoplasia, Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 14:309, 1970. Medline abstracts
5. Cotchin E: Canine ovarian neoplasms, Res Vet Sci 2:133, 1961.
6. Patnaik AK, Greenlee PG: Canine ovarian neoplasms: a clinicopathologic study of 71 cases, including histology of 12 granulosa cell tumors, Vet Pathol 24:509, 1987. Medline abstracts
7. Herron MA: Tumors of the canine genital system, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:981, 1983.
8. Anderson GL: Granulosa cell tumor in a dog, Compend Contin Educ 8:158, 1986.
9. Wilson RB, Cave JS, Copeland JS, et al: Ovarian teratoma in 2 dogs, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:249, 1985.
10. Greenlee PG, Patnaik AK: Canine ovarian tumors of germ cell origin, Vet Pathol 22:117, 1985. Medline abstracts
11. Gruys E, van Dijk JE: Four canine ovarian teratomas and a nonovarian feline teratoma, Vet Pathol 13:455, 1976. Medline abstracts
12. Jergens AE, Knapp DW: Ovarian teratoma in a bitch, J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:81, 1987. Medline abstracts
13. Gelberg HB, McEntee K: Feline ovarian neoplasms, Vet Pathol 22:572, 1985. Medline abstracts
14. Bandera CA: Advances in the understanding of risk factors for ovarian cancer, J Reprod Med 50:399, 2005. Medline abstracts
15. Hayes HM, Young JL: Epidemiologic features of canine ovarian neoplasms, Gynecol Oncol 6:348, 1978.
16. Nielsen SW, Misdorp W, McEntee K: Tumours of the ovary, Bull World Health Organ 53:203, 1976. Medline abstracts
17. Nielsen SW: Classification of tumors in dogs and cats, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:13, 1983.
18. McEntee K (ed): Reproductive pathology of domestic animals. San Diego, 1990, Academic Press.
19. Amand WB, Ackerman N, Kelly DF: The pathologic diagnosis of urogenital diseases in a dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 157:1096, 1970. Medline abstracts
20. Sforna M, Brachelente C, Lepr E, et al: Canine ovarian tumours: a retrospective study of 49 cases, Vet Res Comm 27(Suppl 1):359, 2003.
21. Dehner LP, Norris HJ, Garner FM, et al: Comparative pathology of ovarian neoplasms. III. Germ cell tumors of canine, bovine, feline, rodent and human species, J Comp Pathol 80:299, 1970. Medline abstracts
22. Jergens AE, Shaw DP: Tumors of the canine ovary, Compend Contin Educ 9:489, 1987.
23. Norris HJ, Garner FM, Taylor HB: Pathology of feline ovarian neoplasms, J Pathol 97:138, 1969. Medline abstracts
24. Carpenter JL, Andrews, LK, Holzworth J: Tumor and tumor-like lesions. In Holzworth J (ed): Diseases of the cat: medicine and surgery. Philadelphia, 1987, WB Saunders.
25. Azuma Y, Matsuo Y, Chen B-Y: Granulosa cell tumor in a cat with unilateral renal agenesis, J Jpn Vet Med Assoc 45:324, 1992.
26. Arbjerg J: Extra-ovarian granulosa cell tumor in a cat, Feline Pract 10:26, 1980.
27. Acland HM: Reproductive system: female. In Carlton WW, McGavin MD (eds): Thompson’s special veterinary pathology, St Louis, 1995, Mosby.
28. Röcken H: Ein fibrothekom als faktor für einen verhaltensschaden bei einer katze, Der Praktische Tierarzt 4:344, 1984.
29. Basaraba RJ, Kraft SL, Andrews GA, et al: An ovarian teratoma in a cat, Vet Pathol 35:141, 1998. Medline abstracts
30. Sato T, Hontake S, Shibuya H, et al: A solid mature teratoma of a feline ovary, J Feline Med Surg 5:349, 2003. Medline abstracts
31. Cotchin E: Neoplasia. In Wilkinson GT (ed): Diseases of the cat and their management. Melbourne, 1983, Blackwell Scientific Publications.
32. Nieslen SW: Neoplastic diseases in cat. Cott EJ (ed): Feline medicine and surgery. Santa Barbara, 1964, American Veterinary Publications.
33. Olsen J, Komtebedde J, Lackner A, et al: Cytoreductive treatment of ovarian carcinoma in a dog, J Vet Intern Med 8:133, 1994. Medline abstracts
34. Andrews EJ, Stookey JL, Helland DR, et al: A histopathologic study of canine and feline ovarian dysgerminomas, Can J Comp Med 38:85, 1974. Medline abstracts
35. Patnaik AK, Saigo PE, Lieberman PH, et al: Morphology of canine ovarian Sertoli Leydig cell neoplasms. A report of 12 cases, Cancer 62:577, 1988. Medline abstracts
36. Kaddatz LA: Ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma and pyometra in a bitch, Canine Pract 8:14, 1981.
37. Greene JA, Richardson RC, Thornhill JA, et al: Ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma in a bitch: case report and literature review, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 15:351, 1979.
38. Moore AS, Kirk C, Cardona A: Intracavitary cisplatin chemotherapy experience in six dogs, J Vet Intern Med 5:227, 1991. Medline abstracts
39. McKee WM: Granulosa cell tumor and attempted chemotherapy in a 17-month-old bitch, Vet Rec 117:501, 1985. Medline abstracts
40. Ogilvie GK, Moore AS (eds): Feline oncology: a comprehensive guide to compassionate care. Trenton, NJ, 2001, Veterinary Learning Systems, pp 348-354.
41. Brodey RS, Roszel JF: Neoplasms of the canine uterus, vagina and vulva: a clinicopathologic survey of 90 cases, J Am Vet Med Assoc 151:1294, 1967. Medline abstracts
42. Engle CG, Brodey RS: A retrospective study of 395 feline neoplasms, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 5:21, 1969.
43. Schmidt RE, Langham RF: A survey of feline neoplasms, J Am Vet Med Assoc 151:1325, 1967.
44. Florito DA: Hyperestrogenism in bitches, Compend Contin Educ 14:727, 1992.
45. Lethaby A, Vollenhoven B. Fibroids (uterine myomatosis, leiomyomas), Am Fam Phys 71:1753, 2005.
46. Moodley M, Moodley J, Chetty R, et al: The role of steroid contraceptive hormones in the pathogenesis of invasive cervical cancer: a review, Int J Gynecol Cancer 13:103, 2003. Medline abstracts
47. Payne-Johnson CE, Kelly DF, Davies PT: Endometrial carcinoma in a young dog, J Comp Pathol 96:463, 1986.
48. Miller MA, Ramos-Vara JA, Dickerson MF, et al: Uterine neoplasia in 13 cats, J Vet Diagn Invest 15:515, 2003. Medline abstracts
49. Moe L, Lium B: Hereditary multifocal renal cystadenocarcinomas and nodular dermatofibrosis in 51 German shepherd dogs, J Small Anim Pract 38:498, 1997. Medline abstracts
50. Thelein GH, Madewell BR: Tumors of the urogenital tract. In Veterinary cancer medicine. Philadelphia, 1979, Lea and Febiger, pp 367-373.
51. Withrow SJ, Susaneck SJ: Tumors of the canine female reproductive tract. In Morrow DA (ed): Current therapy in theriogenology, ed 2. Philadelphia, 1986, WB Saunders.
52. Boisclair J, Dore M: Uterine angiolipoleiomyoma in a dog, Vet Pathol 38:726, 2001. Medline abstracts
53. Murakami Y, Uchida K, Yamaguchi R, et al: Diffuse bilateral hemangiosarcoma of the uterus in a dog, J Vet Med Sci 63:191 2001.
54. Choi YK, Lee JY, Kim DY, et al: Uterine extramedullary plasmacytoma in a dog. Vet Rec 154:699, 2004.
55. O’Rourke MD, Geib LW: Endometrial adenocarcinoma in a cat, Cornell Vet 60:598, 1970. Medline abstracts
56. Stein BS: Tumors of the feline genital tract, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 17:1022, 1981.
57. Meier H: Carcinoma of the uterus in the cat: Two cases, Cornell Vet 46:188, 1956.
58. Nicòtina PA, Zanghì A, Catone G: Uterine mixed Müllerian tumor (metaplastic carcinoma) in the cat: clinicopathologic features and proliferation indices, Vet Pathol 39:58, 2002.
59. Evans JG, Grant DI: A mixed mesodermal tumor in the uterus of a cat, J Comp Pathol 87:635, 1977. Medline abstracts
60. Papparella S, Roperto F: Spontaneous uterine tumors in three cats, Vet Pathol 21:257, 1984. Medline abstracts
61. Cotchin E: Neoplasia in the cat, Vet Rec 69:425, 1957.
62. Cave TA, Hine R, Howie F, et al: Uterine carcinoma in a 10-month-old golden retriever, J Small Anim Pract 43:133, 2002. Medline abstracts
63. Thacher C, Bradley R: Vulvar and vaginal tumors in the dog: a retrospective study, J Am Vet Med Assoc 183:690, 1983. Medline abstracts
64. Kydd DM, Burnie AG: Vaginal neoplasia in the bitch: a review of forty clinical cases, J Small Anim Pract 27:255, 1986.
65. Joshua JO: Reproductive system. In The clinical aspects of some diseases of cats. London, 1965, William Heinemann Medical Books, pp 119-140.
66. Wolke RE: Vaginal leiomyoma as a cause of chronic constipation in the cat, J Am Vet Med Assoc 143:1103, 1963. Medline abstracts
67. Rogers KS, Walker MA, Dillon HB: Transmissible venereal tumor: a retrospective study of 29 cases, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:463, 1998. Medline abstracts
68. Patnaik AK: Histologic and immunohistochemical studies of granular cell tumors in seven dogs, three cats, one horse and one bird, Vet Pathol 30:176, 1993. Medline abstracts
69. Manothaiudom K, Johnston SD: Clinical approach to vaginal/vestibular masses in the bitch, Vet Clin North Am (Small Anim Pract) 21:509, 1991. Medline abstracts
70. Bilbrey SA, Withrow SJ, Klein MK, et al: Vulvovaginectomy and perineal urethrostomy for neoplasms of the vulva and vagina, Vet Surg 18:450, 1989. Medline abstracts
71. Brown NO, Calvert C, MacEwen EG: Chemotherapeutic management of transmissible venereal tumors in 30 dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:983, 1980. Medline abstracts
72. Thrall DE: Orthovoltage radiotherapy of canine transmissible venereal tumors, Vet Rad 23:217, 1982.
73. Calvert CA, Leifert CE, MacEwen EG: Vincristine for treatment of transmissible venereal tumor in the dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:163, 1982. Medline abstracts

Section F: Mammary Tumors

1. Priester WA, Mantel N: Occurrence of tumors in domesticated animals. Data from 12 United States and Canadian colleges of veterinary medicine, J Natl Cancer Inst 47:1333, 1971. Medline abstracts
2. Hayes AA, Mooney S: Feline mammary tumors, Vet Clin North Am Small Animal Pract 15:513, 1985.
3. Kurzman ID, Gilbertson SR: Prognostic factors in canine mammary tumors, Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 1:25, 1986. Medline abstracts
4. Sorenmo K: Canine mammary gland tumors, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 33:573, 2003. Medline abstracts
5. Yamagami T, Kobayashi T, Takahashi K, et al: Influence of ovariectomy at the time of mastectomy on the prognosis for canine malignant mammary tumors, J Small Anim Pract 37:462, 1996. Medline abstracts
6. Itoh T, Uchida K, Ishikawa K, et al: Clinicopathological survey of 101 canine mammary gland tumors: differences between small-breed dogs and others, J Vet Med Sci 67:345, 2005. Medline abstracts
7. Schneider R, Dorn CR, Taylor DON: Factors influencing canine mammary cancer development and postsurgical survival, J Natl Cancer Inst 43(6):1249, 1969.
8. Stovring M, Moe L, Glattre E: A population-based case-control study of canine mammary tumours and clinical use of medroxyprogesterone acetate, APMIS 105:590, 1997. Medline abstracts
9. Lana SE, Rutteman GR, Withrow SJ: Tumors of the mammary gland, In Withrow SJ, Vail DM: Withrow and MacEwen’s small animal oncology, ed 4. St Louis, 2007, Saunders/ Elsevier, p 619.
10. Saba CF, Rogers KS, Newman SJ, et al: Mammary gland tumors in male dogs, J Vet Intern Med 21:1056, 2007.
11. Sonnenschein EG, Glickman LT, Goldschmidt MH, et al: Body confirmation, diet and risk of breast cancer in pet dogs: a case-control study, Am J Epidemiol 133:694, 1991. Medline abstracts
12. Perez Alenza MD, Rutteman GR, Pena L, et al: Relation between habitual diet and canine mammary tumors in a case-control study, J Vet Intern Med 12:132, 1998. Medline abstracts
13. Misdorp W, Hart AAM. Prognostic factors in canine mammary cancer, J Natl Cancer Inst 56:779, 1976.
14. Owen LN: TNM classification of tumors in domestic animals. Ed VPH/CMO.80.20. Geneva, 1980, World Health Organization.
15. Matos AJF, Faustino AMR, Lopes C, et al. Detection of lymph node micrometastases in malignant mammary tumours in dogs by cytokeratin staining. Vet Rec 158:626, 2006.
16. Gilbertson SR, Kurzman ID, Zachrau RE, et al: Canine mammary epithelial neoplasms: biologic implications of morphologic characteristics assessed in 232 dogs, Vet Pathol 20:127, 1983. Medline abstracts
17. MacEwen EG, Harvey HJ, Patnaik AK, et al: Evaluation of the effect of levamisole and surgery on canine mammary cancer, J Biol Resp Mod 25:540, 1985.
18. Withrow SJ: Symposium on surgical techniques in small animal practice. Surgical management of canine mammary tumors, Vet Clin North Am 5:495, 1975.
19. Chang S, Chang C, Chang T, Wong M: Prognostic factors associated with survival two years after surgery in dogs with malignant mammary tumors: 79 cases (1998-2002), J Am Vet Med Assoc 227:1625, 2005.
20. Stratmann N, Failing K, Richter A, Wehrend A: Mammary tumor recurrence in bitches after regional mastectomy, Vet Surg 37(1):82, 2008.
21. Allen SW, Mahaffey EA: Canine mammary neoplasia: Prognostic indications and response to surgical therapy, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 25:540, 1989.
22. Sorenmo KU, Shofer FS, Goldschmidt MH: Effect of spaying and timing of spaying on survival of dogs with mammary carcinoma, J Vet Intern Med 14:266, 2000. Medline abstracts
23. Karayannopoulou M, Kaldrymidou E, Constantinidis TC, Dessiris A: Histological grading and prognosis in dogs with mammary carcinomas: application of a human grading method, J Comp Path 133:246, 1995.
24. Simon D, Schoenrock D, Baumgartner W, Nolte I: Postoperative adjuvant treatment of invasive malignant mammary gland tumors in dogs with doxorubicin and docetaxel, J Vet Intern Med 20:1184, 2006. Medline abstracts
25. Morris JS, Dobson JM, Bostock DE: Use of tamoxifen in the control of mammary neoplasia, Vet Rec 133:539, 1993. Medline abstracts
26. Parodi AL, Misdorp W, Mialot JP, et al: Intratumoral BCG and Corynebacterium parvum therapy of canine mammary tumors before radical mastectomy, Cancer Immunol Immunother 15:172, 1983.
27. Rutten VPMG, Misdorp W, Gauthier A, et al: Immunological aspects of mammary tumors in dogs and cats: a survey including own studies and pertinent literature, Vet Immunol Immunopathol 26:211, 1990.
28. Teske E, Rutteman G, Ingh T, et al: Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (L-MTP-PE) a randomized clinical trial in dogs with mammary cancer, Anticancer Res 18;1015, 1998.
29. Queiroga FL, Perez-Alenza MD, Silvan G, et al: Cox-2 levels in canine mammary tumors, including inflammatory mammary carcinoma: clinicopathological features and prognostic significance, Anticancer Res 25(6B):4269, 2005.
30. Hellmen E, Bergstrom R, Holmberg L, et al: Prognostic factors in canine mammary tumours: a multivariate study of 202 consecutive cases, Vet Pathol 30:20, 1993. Medline abstracts
31. Perez Alenza MD, Pena L, del Castillo N, Nieto AI: Factors influencing the incidence and prognosis of canine mammary tumours, J Small Anim Pract 41:287, 2000. Medline abstracts
32. Bostock DE: The prognosis following the surgical excision of canine mammary neoplasms, Eur J Cancer 11:389, 1975. Medline abstracts
33. Philibert JC, Snyder PW, Glickman N, et al: Influence of host factors on survival in dogs with malignant mammary gland tumors, J Vet Intern Med 17:102, 2003.
34. Susaneck SJ, Allen TA, Hoopes J, et al: Inflammatory mammary carcinoma in the dog, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:971, 1983.
35. Stockhaus C, Kohn B, Rudolph R, et al: Correlation of haemostatic abnormalities with tumour stage and characteristics in dogs with mammary carcinoma, J Small Anim Pract 40:326, 1999.
36. Perez Alenza MD, Tabanera E, Pena L: Inflammatory mammary carcinoma in dogs: 33 cases (1995-1999), J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1110, 2001. Medline abstracts
37. Pena LL, Nieto AI, Perez- Alenza D, et al: Immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 and PCNA in canine mammary tumors: relationship to clinical and pathological variables, J Vet Diag Investig 10:237, 1998.
38. Romanucci M, Marinelli A, Sarli G, Salda LD: Heat shock protein expression in canine malignant mammary tumours, BMC Cancer 6:171, 2006. Medline abstracts
39. Dorn CR, Taylor DON, Schneider R, et al: Survey of animal neoplasms in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. II. Cancer morbidity in dogs and cats from Alameda County, J Natl Cancer Inst 40:307, 1968. Medline abstracts
40. Moulton JE. Tumors in domestic animals, ed 2. Berkeley, 1978, University of California Press, p 367.
41. Misdorp W, Romijn A, Hart A: Feline mammary tumors: a case-control study of hormonal factors, Anticancer Res 11:1793, 1991. Medline abstracts
42. Overley B, Shofer FS, Goldschmidt MH: Association between ovariohysterectomy and feline mammary carcinoma, J Vet Intern Med 19:560, 2005. Medline abstracts
43. Skorupski KA, Overley B, Shofer FS, et al: Clinical characteristics of mammary carcinoma in male cats, J Vet Intern Med 19:52, 2005. Medline abstracts
44. Hayes HM Jr, Milne KL, Mandell CP: Epidemiological features of feline mammary carcinomas, Vet Rec 108:476, 1981. Medline abstracts
45. Misdorp W: Malignant mammary tumors in the dog and cat as compared with those in humans. Interim report, Jaarboek van Kankeronderzoek en Kankerbestrijding in Nederland. 14:35, 1964.
46. Waters DJ, Honeckman A, Cooley DM, DeNicola D: Skeletal metastasis in feline mammary carcinoma: case report and literature review, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:103, 1998. Medline abstracts
47. Seixas F, Palmeira C, Pires MA, Lopes C: Are complex carcinoma of the feline mammary gland and other invasive mammary carcinoma identical tumours? Comparison of clinicopathologic features, DNA ploidy and follow up, Res Vet Sci 84:428, 2008.
48. Perez-Alenza MD, Jimenez A, Nieto AI, Pena L: First description of feline inflammatory mammary carcinoma: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of three cases, Breast Cancer Res 6(4):R300, 2004.
49. Novosad CA, Bergman PJ, O’Brien MG, et al: Retrospective evaluation of adjunctive doxorubicin for the treatment of feline mammary gland adenocarcinoma: 67 cases, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 42:110, 2006. Medline abstracts
50. Henry CJ: Mammary cancer. In Bonagura JR, Twedt DC (eds): Kirk’s current veterinary therapy XIV. St Louis, 2008, Saunders/Elsevier, p 363.
51. Viste JR, Myers SL, Singh B, Simko E: Feline mammary adenocarcinoma: tumor size as a prognostic indicator, Can Vet J 43:33, 2002. Medline abstracts
52. Castagnaro M, Casalone C, Ru G, et al: Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) count as indicator of post-surgical prognosis in feline mammary carcinomas, Res Vet Sci 64:97, 1998.
53. Castagnaro M, de Maria R, Bozetta E, et al: Ki-67 index as indicator of the post-surgical prognosis in feline mammary carcinomas, Res Vet Sci 65:223, 1998. Medline abstracts
54. Hayden DW, Neilsen SW: Feline mammary tumors, J Small Anim Pract 12:687, 1971. Medline abstracts
55. Ito T, Kadosawa T, Mochizuki M, et al: Prognosis of malignant mammary tumors in 53 cats, J Vet Med Sci 58(8):723, 1996.
56. Millanta F, Calandrella M, Citi S, et al: Overexpression of HER-2 in feline invasive mammary carcinomas: an immunohistochemical survey and evaluation of its prognostic potential, Vet Pathol 42:30, 2005. Medline abstracts
57. Murakami Y, Tateyama S, Rungsipipat A, et al: Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclin A, cyclin D1 and P53 in mammary tumors, squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell tumors of dogs and cats, J Vet Med Sci 62:743, 2000. Medline abstracts
58. Nasir L, Krasner H, Argyle DJ, Williams A; Immunocytochemical analysis of the tumour suppressor protein (p53) in feline neoplasia, Cancer Lett 155:1, 2000.

Section G: Male Reproductive Tumors

1. Hayes HM, Pendergrass TW: Canine testicular tumors: epidemiologic features in 410 dogs, Int J Cancer 18:482, 1976.
2. Cohen D, Reif JS, Brodey RS, et al: Epidemiologic analysis of the most prevalent sites and types of canine neoplasia observed in a veterinary hospital, Cancer Res 34:2859, 1974. Medline abstracts
3. Dow C: Testicular tumours in the dog, J Comp Pathol 72:247, 1962. Medline abstracts
4. Scully RE, Coffin DL: Canine testicular tumors, Cancer 5:592, 1952. Medline abstracts
5. Reif JS, Maguire TG, Kenney RM, et al: A cohort study of canine testicular neoplasia, J Am Vet Med Assoc 175:719, 1979. Medline abstracts
6. Cotchin E: Testicular neoplasms in dogs, J Comp Pathol 70:232, 1960. Medline abstracts
7. Priester WA, McKay FW: The occurrence of tumors in domestic animals, Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 54: 1, 1980. Medline abstracts
8. Cooley DM, Waters DJ: Tumors of the male reproductive system. In Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG (eds): Small animal clinical oncology. Philadelphia, 2001, WB Saunders.
9. Reif JS, Brodey RS: The relationship between cryptorchidism and canine testicular neoplasia, J Am Vet Med Assoc 155:205, 1969.
10. Hayes HM, Tarone RE, Casey HW, et al: Excess of seminomas observed in Vietnam service U.S. military working dogs, J Natl Cancer Inst 82:1042, 1990. Medline abstracts
11. Reis-Filho JS, Ricardo S, Gärtner F, et al: Bilateral gonadoblastomas in a dog with mixed gonadal dysgenesis, J Comp Pathol 130:229, 2004. Medline abstracts
12. Radi ZA, Miller DL, Hines ME: Rete testis mucinous adenocarcinoma in a dog, Vet Pathol 41:75, 2004. Medline abstracts
13. Brodey RS, Martin JE: Sertoli cell neoplasms in the dog: the clinicopathologic and endocrinological findings in thirty-seven dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc 133:249, 1958. Medline abstracts
14. Morgan RV: Blood dyscrasias associated with testicular tumors in the dog, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 18:970, 1982.
15. Sherding RG, Wilson GP, Kociba GJ: Bone marrow hypoplasia in eight dogs with Sertoli cell tumor, J Am Vet Med Assoc 178:497, 1981. Medline abstracts
16. Lipowitz AJ, Schwartz A, Wilson GP, et al: Testicular neoplasms and concomitant clinical changes in the dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 163:1364, 1973. Medline abstracts
17. Scott DW, Reimers TJ: Tail gland and perianal gland hyperplasia associated with testicular neoplasia and hypertestosteronemia in a dog, Canine Pract 13:15, 1986.
18. Tennant B, Kelly DF: Malignant seminoma with gross metastasis in a dog, J Small Anim Pract 33:242, 1992.
19. HogenEsch H, Whiteley HE, Vicini DS, Helper LC: Seminoma with metastasis in the eyes and brain in a dog, Vet Pathol 24:278, 1987. Medline abstracts
20. Dhaliwal RS, Kitchell BE, Knight BL, et al: Treatment of aggressive testicular tumors in four dogs, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 35:311, 1999. Medline abstracts
21. Madewell BR, Theilen GH: Tumors of the genital system. In Theilen GH, Madewell BR (eds): Veterinary cancer medicine. Philadelphia, 1987, Lea and Febiger.
22. McDonald RK, Walder M, Legendre AM, et al: Radiotherapy of metastatic seminoma in the dog, J Vet Intern Med 2:103, 1988. Medline abstracts
23. Herr HW, Fuks Z, Scher HI: Cancer of the urethra and penis. In De Vita VT, Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds): Cancer: principles and practice of oncology. Philadelphia, 1997, Lippincott-Raven.
24. Madewell BR, Conroy JD, Hodgkins EM: Sunlight skin cancer association in the dog: a report of three cases, J Cutan Pathol 8:434, 1981. Medline abstracts
25. Nikula KJ, Benjamin SA, Angleton GM, et al: Ultraviolet radiation, solar dermatosis and cutaneous neoplasia in beagle dogs, Radiat Res 129:11, 1992. Medline abstracts
26. Bloom F: Pathology of the dog and cat. In The genitourinary system, with clinical considerations, Evanston, IN, 1954, American Veterinary Publications.
27. Hall WC, Nielsen SW, McEntee K: Tumors of the prostate and penis, Bull World Health Org 53:247, 1976.
28. Patnaik AK, Matthiesen DT, Zawie DA: Two cases of canine penile neoplasm: squamous cell carcinoma and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:403, 1988.
29. Michels GM, Knapp DW, David M, et al: Penile prolapse and urethral obstruction secondary to lymphosarcoma of the penis in a dog, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 37:474, 2001. Medline abstracts
30. Rogers KS, Walker MA, Dillon HB: Transmissible venereal tumor: a retrospective study of 29 cases, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:463, 1998. Medline abstracts
31. McEntee MC: Reproductive oncology, Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 17:133, 2002. Medline abstracts
32. Brown NO, Calvert C, MacEwen EG: Chemotherapeutic management of transmissible venereal tumors in 30 dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:983, 1980. Medline abstracts
33. Richardson RC: Canine transmissible venereal tumor, Compend Contin Ed Pract Vet 3:951, 1981.
34. Ward H, Fox LE, Calderwood-Mays MB, et al: Cutaneous hemangiosarcoma in 25 dogs: a retrospective study, J Vet Intern Med 8:345, 1994. Medline abstracts
35. Calvert CA, Leifert CE, MacEwen EG: Vincristine for treatment of transmissible venereal tumor in the dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 181:163, 1982. Medline abstracts
36. McEntee K (ed): Reproductive pathology of domestic animals. San Diego, 1990, Academic Press.
37. Thamm DH, Mauldin EA, Vail DM: Prednisone and vinblastine chemotherapy for canine mast cell tumor—41 cases (1992-1997), J Vet Intern Med 13:491, 1999. Medline abstracts
38. Rassnick KM, Moore AS, Williams LE, et al: Treatment of canine mast cell tumors with CCNU (Lomustine), J Vet Intern Med 13:601, 1999. Medline abstracts
39. Hahn KA, King GK, Carreras JK: Efficacy of radiation therapy for incompletely resected grade-III mast cell tumors in dogs: 31 cases (1987-1998), J Am Vet Med Assoc 224:79, 2004. Medline abstracts
40. Cahalane AK, Payne S, Barber LG, et al: Prognostic factors for survival of dogs with inguinal and perineal mast cell tumors treated surgically with or without adjunctive treatment: 68 cases (1994-2002), J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:401, 2004.
41. Carpenter JL, Andrews LK, Holzworth J: Tumor and tumor-like lesions. In Holzworth J (ed): Diseases of the cat: medicine and surgery. Philadelphia, 1987, WB Saunders.
42. Miyoshi N, Yasuda N, Kamimura Y, et al: Teratoma in a feline unilateral cryptorchid testis, Vet Pathol 38:729, 2001. Medline abstracts
43. Meier H: Sertoli cell tumor in the cat. Report of two cases, North Am Vet 37:979, 1956.
44. Benazzi C, Sarli G, Brunetti B: Sertoli cell tumour in a cat, J Vet Med 51:124, 2004.
45. Cotchin E: Neoplasia. In Wilkinson GT (ed): Diseases of the cat and their management. Oxford, 1984, Blackwell.
46. Milks HJ: Some diseases of the genito-urinary system, Cornell Vet 29:105, 1939.

Section H: Renal Tumors

1. Klein MK, Campbell GC, Harris CK, et al: Canine primary renal neoplasms: a retrospective review of 54 cases, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 24:443, 1987.
2. Bryan JN, Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, et al: Primary renal neoplasia of dogs, J Vet Intern Med 20:1155, 2006. Medline abstracts
3. Frimberger AE, Moore AS, Schelling SH: Treatment of nephroblastoma in a juvenile dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:596, 1995. Medline abstracts
4. Mooney SC, Hayes AA, Matus RE, et al: Renal lymphoma in cats: 28 cases (1977-1984), J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:1473, 1987. Medline abstracts
5. Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, Smith A, et al: Primary renal tumours in cats: 19 cases (1992-1998), J Feline Med Surg 1:165, 1999. Medline abstracts
6. Buergelt CD, Adjiri-Awere A: Bilateral renal oncocytoma in a Greyhound dog, Vet Pathol 37:188, 2000. Medline abstracts
7. Hayes HM Jr, Fraumeni JF Jr: Epidemiological features of canine renal neoplasms, Cancer Res 37:2553, 1977. Medline abstracts
8. Jonasdottir TJ, Mellersh CS, Moe L, et al: Genetic mapping of a naturally occurring hereditary renal cancer syndrome in dogs, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:4132, 2000. Medline abstracts
9. Lingaas F, Comstock KE, Kirkness EF: A mutation in the canine BHD gene is associated with hereditary multifocal renal cystadenocarcinoma and nodular dermatofibrosis in the German Shepherd dog, Hum Mol Gen 12:3043, 2003. Medline abstracts
10. Faissler D, Griot-Wenk ME, Fatzer R, et al: Convulsions in relation to polycythemia: literature review and case description, Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 140:101, 1998. Medline abstracts
11. Henry CJ, Tyler JW, McEntee MC, et al: Evaluation of a bladder tumor antigen test as a screening test for transitional cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract in dogs, Am J Vet Res 64:1017, 2003. Medline abstracts
12. Carpenter JL: Tumors and tumor-like lesions. In Holzworth J (ed): Diseases of the cat: medicine and surgery. Philadelphia, 1987, WB Saunders.
13. Batchelor DJ, Bright SR, Ibarrola P, et al: Long-term survival after combination chemotherapy for bilateral renal malignant lymphoma in a dog, N Z Vet J 54:147, 2006. Medline abstracts
14. Meuten DJ: Tumors of the urinary system. In Meuten DJ (ed): Tumors in domestic animals. Ames, IA, 2002, Iowa State Press.
15. Peterson ME, Zanjani ED: Inappropriate erythropoietin production from a renal carcinoma in a dog with polycythemia, J Am Vet Med Assoc 179:995, 1981. Medline abstracts
16. Locke JE, Barber LG: Comparative aspects and clinical outcomes of canine renal hemangiosarcoma, J Vet Intern Med 20:962, 2006. Medline abstracts
17. Mott JC, McAnulty JF, Darien DL, et al: Nephron sparing by partial median nephrectomy for treatment of renal hemangioma in a dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:1274, 1996. Medline abstracts
18. Lucke VM, Kelly DF: Renal carcinoma in the dog, Vet Pathol 13:264, 1976. Medline abstracts
19. Linehan WM, Bates SE, Yang JC: Cancer of the kidney. In DeVita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds): Cancer principles and practice of oncology, ed 7. Philadelphia, 2005, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
20. Britt JO, Ryan CP, Howard EB: Sarcomatoid renal adenocarcinoma in a cat, Vet Pathol 22:514, 1985. Medline abstracts
21. Munday JS, Egins J, Selcer BA, et al: Renal osteosarcoma in a dog, J Small Anim Pract 45:618, 2004. Medline abstracts
22. Ohler C, Mughannam A, Reinke J, et al: Transient hemi-inattention in a dog with metastatic renal hemangiosarcoma, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 30:207, 1994.
23. Sato T, Aoki K, Shibuya H, et al: Leiomyosarcoma of the kidney in a dog, J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 50:366, 2003. Medline abstracts
24. Haziroglu R, Kul O, Tunca R, et al: Osteoclast-like giant tumour arising from the kidney in a dog, Acta Vet Hung 53:225, 2005. Medline abstracts
25. Dempster AG, Delahunt B, Malthus AW, et al: The histology and growth kinetics of canine renal oncocytoma, J Comp Pathol 123:294, 2000. Medline abstracts
26. Wang FI, Liang SL, Chen GH, et al: Unilateral concurrence of pyelocaliceal diverticula and intracapsular angiomyolipoma in the kidney of a cat, J Vet Diagn Invest 13:167, 2001. Medline abstracts

Section I: Bladder and Urethral Tumors

1. Henry CJ: Management of transitional cell carcinoma, Vet Clin Small Anim 33:597, 2003.
2. Norris AM, Laing EJ, Valli VEO, et al: Canine bladder and urethral tumors: a retrospective study of 115 cases (1980-1985), J Vet Intern Med 6(3):145, 1992.
3. Mutsaers AJ, Widmer WR, Knapp DW: Canine transitional cell carcinoma, J Vet Intern Med 17:136, 2003.
4. Knapp DW: Tumors of the urinary system. In Withrow SJ, Vail DM (eds): Withrow and MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology, ed 4. St Louis, 2007, Saunders/Elsevier, pp 649-658.
5. Knapp DW, Glickman NW, DeNicola DB, et al: Naturally-occurring canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a relevant model of human invasive bladder cancer, Urol Oncol 5:47, 2000.
6. Schwarz PD, Green RW, Patnaik AK: Urinary bladder tumors in the cat: a review of 27 cases, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:237, 1985.
7. Wilson HM, Chun R, Larson VS, et al: Clinical signs, treatments, and outcome in cats with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: 20 cases (1990-2004), J Am Vet Med Assoc 231(1):101, 2007.
8. Tarvin G, Patnaik A, Greene R: Primary urethral tumors in dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc 172:931, 1978. Medline abstracts
9. Moroff SD, Brown BA, Matthiesen DT, Scott RC: Infiltrative urethral disease in female dogs: 41 cases (1980–1987), J Am Vet Med Assoc 199:247, 1991. Medline abstracts
10. Blackwood L, Sullivan M, Thompson H: Urethral leiomyoma causing post renal failure in a bitch, Vet Rec 131:416, 1992. Medline abstracts
11. Ryan CP, Holshuh HJ: Urethral adenocarcinoma in a dog, Vet Med Small Anim Clin 76:1315, 1981. Medline abstracts
12. Mellanby RJ, Chantrey JC, Baines EA, et al: Urethral haemangiosarcoma in a boxer, J Small Anim Pract 45:154, 2004. Medline abstracts
13. Struble AL, Lawson GW, Ling GV: Urethral obstruction in a dog: an unusual presentation of T-cell lymphoma, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33:423, 1997. Medline abstracts
14. Davis GJ, Holt D: Two chondrosarcomas of the urethra in a German shepherd dog, J Small Anim Pract 44:169, 2003.
15. Swalec KM, Smeak DD, Baker AL: Urethral leiomyoma in a cat, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 195:961, 1989.
16. Takagi S, Kadosawa T, Ishiguro T, et al: Urethral transitional cell carcinoma in a cat, J Small Anim Pract 46:504, 2005. Medline abstracts
17. Barrett RE, Nobel TA: Transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra in a cat, Cornell Vet 66:14, 1976. Medline abstracts
18. Glickman LT, Schofer FS, McKee LF, et al: Epidemiologic study of insecticide exposures, obesity, and risk of bladder cancer in household dogs. J Tox Environ Health 28(4):407, 1989.
19. Macy DW, Withrow SJ, Hoopes J: Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with cyclophosphamide administration, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 19:965, 1983.
20. Osborne CA, Low DG, Perman V, et al: Neoplasms of the canine and feline urinary bladder: incidence, etiologic factors, occurrence and pathologic features, Am J Vet Res 29(10):2041, 1968.
21. Pamukcu AM: Tumours of the urinary bladder, Bull World Health Organ 50(1-2):43, 1974.
22. Hayes HM, Jr: Canine bladder cancer: epidemiologic features, Am J Epidemiol 104(6):673, 1976.
23. Henry CJ, McCaw DL, Turnquist SE, et al: Clinical evaluation of mitoxantrone and piroxicam in a canine model of human invasive urinary bladder carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res 9:906, 2003. Medline abstracts
24. Strafuss AC, Dean MJ: Neoplasms of the urinary bladder, J Am Vet Med Assoc 166(12):1161, 1975.
25. Sprague RH, Anisko JJ: Elimination patterns in the laboratory beagle, Behaviour 47(3):257, 1973.
26. Anderson WI, Dunham BM, King JM, et al: Presumptive subcutaneous surgical transplantation of a urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma in a dog, Cornell Vet 79(3):263, 1989.
27. Brodey RS, Riser WH, Allen H: Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in a dog with carcinoma of the urinary bladder, J Am Vet Med Assoc 162(6):474, 1973.
28. Gilson SD, Stone EA: Surgically induced tumor-seeding in eight dogs and two cats, J Am Vet Med Assoc 196(11):1811, 1990.
29. Nyland TG, Wallack ST, Wisner ER: Needle-tract implantation following US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, urethra, and prostate, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 43(1):50, 2002.
30. Vignoli M, Rossi F, Chierici C, et al: Needle tract implantation after fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and adenocarcinoma of the lung, Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 149:31, 2007.
31. Burnie AG, Weaver AD: Urinary bladder neoplasia in the dog; a review of seventy cases, J Small Anim Pract 24:129, 1983.
32. Crow SE: Urinary tract neoplasms in dogs and cats, Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 7:607, 1985.
33. Crow SE, Klausner JS: Management of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. In Kirk RW (ed): Current veterinary therapy VIII. Philadelphia, 1983, WB Saunders, pp 1119-1121.
34. Henry CJ, Tyler JW, McEntee MC, et al: Evaluation of a bladder tumor antigen test as a screening test for transitional cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract in dogs, Am J Vet Res 64:1017, 2003. Medline abstracts
35. Borjesson DL, Christopher MM, Ling GV: Detection of canine transitional cell carcinoma using a bladder tumor antigen dipstick test, Vet Clin Pathol 28:33, 1999. Medline abstracts
36. Lamb CR, Trower ND, Gregory SP: Ultrasound-guided catheter biopsy of the lower urinary tract: technique and results in 12 dogs, J Small Anim Pract 37(9):413, 1996.
37. Valli VE, Norris A, Jacobs RM, et al: Pathology of canine bladder and urethral cancer and correlation with tumour progression and survival, J Comp Pathol 113:113, 1995. Medline abstracts
38. Santos M, Dias Pereira P, Montenegro L, Faustino AMR: Recurrent and metastatic canine urethral transitional cell carcinoma without bladder involvement, Vet Rec 160:557, 2007. Medline abstracts
39. Mitten RW, Riedesel DH, Flatt RE: Cavitating pulmonary metastases in a dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 173(2):203, 1978.
40. Walter PA, Haynes JS, Feeney DA, et al: Radiographic appearance of pulmonary metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and urethra of the dog, J Am Vet Med Assoc 185(4):411, 1984.
41. Koh KB, Rogawski K, Smith PH: Cavitating pulmonary metastases from superficial transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder: case report, Scand J Urol Nephrol 28(2):201, 1994
42. Stone EA, George TF, Gilson SD, Page RL: Partial cystectomy for bladder neoplasia: surgical technique and outcome in 11 dogs, J Small Anim Pract 37:480, 1996. Medline abstracts
43. Weiss C, Berent A, Todd K, et al: Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:226, 2006. Medline abstracts
44. Cummings KB, Mason JT, Correa RG, et al: Segmental resection in the management of bladder carcinoma, J Urol 119:56, 1978. Medline abstracts
45. Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R, et al: Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1054 patients, J Clin Oncol 19:666, 2001. Medline abstracts
46. Upton ML, Tangner CH, Payton ME: Evaluation of carbon dioxide laser ablation combined with mitoxantrone and piroxicam treatment in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma, J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:549, 2006. Medline abstracts
47. Smith JD, Stone EA, Gilson SD: Placement of a permanent cystostomy catheter to relieve urine outflow obstruction in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma, J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:495, 1995.
48. Moore AS, Cardona A, Shapiro W, et al: Cisplatin (cisdiamminedichloroplatinum) for treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder or urethra: a retrospective study of 15 dogs, J Vet Intern Med 4:148, 1990. Medline abstracts
49. Chun R, Knapp EW, Widmer WR, et al: Cisplatin treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in dogs: 18 cases (1983-1993), J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:1588, 1996. Medline abstracts
50. Chun R, Knapp DW, Widmer WR: Phase II clinical trial of Carboplatin in canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, J Vet Int Med 11:279, 1997.
51. Knapp DW, Richardson RC, Chan TC, et al: Piroxicam therapy in 34 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, J Vet Int Med 8:273, 1994.
52. Boria PA, Glickman NW, Schmidt BR, et al: Carboplatin and piroxicam in 31 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, Vet Compend Oncol 3:73, 2005.
53. Helfand SC, Hamilton TA, Hungerford LL, et al: Comparison of three treatments for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in the dog, J Am Anim Hops Assoc 30:270, 1994.
54. Knapp DW, Glickman NW, Widmer WR, et al: Cisplatin versus cisplatin combined with piroxicam in a canine model of human invasive urinary bladder cancer, Cancer Chemother & Pharmacol 46:221, 2000.
55. Greene SN, Lucroy MD, Greenberg CB, et al: Evaluation of cisplatin administered with piroxicam in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:1056, 2007. Medline abstracts
56. Walker M, Breider M: Intraoperative radiotherapy of canine bladder cancer, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 28:200, 1987.
57. Withrow SJ, Gillette EL, Hoopes PJ, et al: Intraoperative irradiation of 16 spontaneously occurring canine neoplasms, Vet Surg 18:7, 1989. Medline abstracts
58. McCaw DL, Lattimer JC: Radiation and cisplatin for treatment of canine urinary bladder carcinoma: a report of two case histories, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 29:264, 1988.
59. Poirier VJ, Forrest LJ, Adams WM, et al: Piroxicam, mitoxantrone, and course fraction radiotherapy for the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in 10 dogs: a pilot study, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:131, 2004. Medline abstracts
60. Sindelar WF, Kinsella T, Tepper J, et al: Experimental and clinical studies with intraoperative radiotherapy, Surg Gynecol Obstetr 157:205, 1983.

Section J: Prostate Tumors

1. Bryan JN, Keeler MR, Henry CJ, et al: A population study of neutering status as a risk factor for canine prostate cancer, Prostate 67:1174, 2007. Medline abstracts
2. Teske E, Naan EC, van Dijk EM, et al: Canine prostate carcinoma: epidemiological evidence of an increased risk in castrated dogs, Mol Cell Endocrinol 197:251, 2002. Medline abstracts
3. Sorenmo KU, Goldschmidt M, Shofer F, et al: Immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostatic carcinoma and correlation with castration status and castration time, J Vet Compar Oncol 1:48, 2003.
4. Caney SM, Holt PE, Day MJ, et al: Prostatic carcinoma in two cats, J Small Anim Pract 39:140, 1998. Medline abstracts
5. Hubbard BS, Vulgamott JC, Liska WD: Prostatic adenocarcinoma in a cat, J Am Vet Med Assoc 197:1493, 1990.
6. Cornell KK, Bostwick DG, Cooley DM, et al: Clinical and pathologic aspects of spontaneous canine prostate carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 76 cases, Prostate 45:173, 2000. Medline abstracts
7. Waters DJ, Hayden DW, Bell FW, et al: Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer, Prostate 30:92, 1997. Medline abstracts
8. Lai CL, van den Ham R, vanLeenders G, et al: Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostate cancer, Prostate 68:477, 2008. Medline abstracts
9. Grieco V, Patton V, Romussi S, et al: Cytokeratin and vimentin expression in normal and neoplastic canine prostate, J Comp Pathol 129:78, 2003. Medline abstracts
10. Knapp DW, Richardson RC, Chan TC, et al: Piroxicam therapy in 34 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, J Vet Intern Med 8:273, 1994. Medline abstracts
11. Henry CJ, McCaw DL, Turnquist SE, et al: Clinical evaluation of mitoxantrone and piroxicam in a canine model of human invasive urinary bladder carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res 9:906, 2003. Medline abstracts
12. Boria PA, Glickman NW, Schmidt BR, et al: Carboplatin and piroxicam therapy in 31 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, J Vet Compar Oncol 3:73, 2005.
13. Turrel JM: Intraoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate gland in ten dogs, J Am Vet Med Assoc 190:48, 1987. Medline abstracts
14. Freitag T, Jerram RM, Walker AM, et al: Surgical management of common canine prostatic conditions, Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 29:656, 2007.
15. Liptak JM, Brutscher SP, Monnet E, et al: Transurethral resection in the management of urethral and prostatic neoplasia in 6 dogs, Vet Surg 33:505, 2004. Medline abstracts
16. L’Eplattenier HF, van Nimwegen SA, van Sluijs FJ, et al: Partial prostatectomy using Nd:YAG laser for management of canine prostate carcinoma, Vet Surg 35:406, 2006. Medline abstracts
17. Lucroy MD, Bowles MH, Higbee RG, et al: Photodynamic therapy for prostatic carcinoma in a dog, J Vet Intern Med 17:235, 2003. Medline abstracts
18. Kuntzman RS, Malek RS, Barrett DM, et al: Potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser vaporization of the prostate: a comparative functional and pathologic study in canines, Urology 48:575, 1996. Medline abstracts
19. Kincaide LF, Sanghvi NT, Cummings O, et al: Noninvasive ultrasonic subtotal ablation of the prostate in dogs, Am J Vet Res 57:1225, 1996. Medline abstracts
20. LeRoy BE, Painter A, Sheppard H, et al: Protein expression profiling of normal and neoplastic canine prostate and bladder tissue, J Vet Compar Oncol 5:119, 2007.